Tag: AIR COOLED
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Experimental testing of two-phase maldistribution in air-cooler headers can lead to more effective header design
April 03, 2024
Salem Bouhairie, Group Lead, Research Air-cooled heat exchangers (ACHEs) in the oil, gas, and power industries often process two-phase fluids, and their performance is usually limited by the airside thermal transfer resistance. However, flow on the tube side can undergo phase change, such as by vapor condensation or liquid vaporization, producing...
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AC-20 Side Blockage Effects on Performance of Forced-draft Air-cooled Heat Exchangers
December 21, 2022
This report details a numerical study investigating the effects of blockages on the performance of an air-cooled heat exchanger. A high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of HTRI’s Air-cooled Unit (ACU) is simulated and calibrated using experimental data from the unit. The validated CFD model is used to simulate five arrangements...
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Pattern vs Performance
July 07, 2022
HTRI staff Salem Bouhairie and Syed Haq recently published an article, Pattern vs Performance, in the June issue of Hydrocarbon Engineering. This article discusses how airflow patterns within air-cooled heat exchangers degrade performance....
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AC-19 Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Outside High-finned Tube Bundles in Low Airflow
June 23, 2022
Modeling natural-draft air coolers requires accurate prediction of airside heat transfer coefficients at low airflow rates. HTRI has collected additional data from the Air-cooled Unit (ACU) to develop a correlation for mixed convection that predicts low airflow heat transfer. The improved correlation, based on Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers, results in an...
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Research Update: 2020 - Year in HTRI Research
February 09, 2021
After summarizing the results from HTRI Research over the past year, this webinar provides insights into how these results improve our technology and its use by HTRI members. Topics include prediction of hot air recirculation for air coolers, development of new non-Newtonian heat transfer correlations, modification of tubeside falling film heat...
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Case Study - Reducing Hot Air Recirculation around Air-cooled Heat Exchangers
April 13, 2020
Download Case Study PDF SUMMARY An engineering, procurement, and construction company needed to enhance the performance of a bank of API 661 air-cooled heat exchangers (ACHEs) at a refinery. HTRI was asked to optimize the installation of two new forced-draft ACHEs, which were to be appended to seven existing induced-draft ACHEs....
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Research Update: Natural-draft Testing on Air-cooled Heat Exchangers
December 12, 2019
To ensure reliable data collection, HTRI always seeks to improve test methods and incorporate innovative techniques. Recently installed at the Research & Technology Center, the Air-cooled Unit (ACU) has motivated us to develop better ways of collecting airside measurements for both forced- and natural-draft testing. Accurate measurements for natural-draft (fans off)...
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TechTip: Running Air Coolers with a Reduced Number of Fans
July 02, 2019
Air coolers use fans to drive the cooling air over the tube bundle. The number of fans in operation may be less than the total number of fans installed, such as in scenarios where operations are winterized or where extra fans are installed for redundancy. This webinar will look at how...
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TT-27 Modeling air-cooled heat exchangers with redundant fans
April 14, 2019
Component: Xace Applicable to: All supported versions (versions 7.3 and 8) Date posted: 15 April 2019 Air-cooled heat exchangers are typically designed for operation with all fans on. A bay with two, three, or four operating fans is commonly identified as 2×50%, 3×33%, or 4×25% fans, indicating that each operating...
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Research Update: 2018 - Year in HTRI Research
February 28, 2019
This webinar highlights the accomplishments of HTRI Research over the past year and describes how HTRI members can benefit from these developments. We briefly discuss airside studies with our air cooler unit, vacuum condensation experiments with hydrocarbon mixtures, new phase change methods for plate heat exchangers, subcooling with shellside condensation, and...
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Air Cooler Testing at HTRI
February 14, 2017
HTRI is installing an industrial-scale ACHE this year to improve airflow predictions and enhance testing flexibility. Author Salem Bouhairie, Senior Project Engineer, Research Date February 8, 2017 HTRI’s air-cooled heat exchanger (ACHE) studies are a fundamental part of our research program. The most pressing concern expressed by our members about airside...
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AC-18 Air-cooler Header Pressure Drop and Flow Maldistribution
February 08, 2017
In 2014 HTRI contracted with the Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering (IPEE) at Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic, to complete CFD simulations on six configurations of a two-pass horizontal air cooler, differing only in the number and type of inlet and outlet nozzles. Results showed the impact of...
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TT-3 Model fan-off operation in Xace
January 26, 2017
Component: Xace Applicable to: All supported versions (7.3 and 8) Date posted: 4 March 2008 Last updated: 25 March 2019 Air-cooled heat exchangers are typically designed for operation with all fans on. For a bay with two, three, or four operating fans, this operation is commonly indicated as 2×50%, 3×33%...
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Model Plugged Tubes in Xace
January 16, 2017
For many exchanger designs, having plugged tubes in the bundle is necessary. This tutorial will demonstrate to users how to model plugged tubes in Xace®....
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Identify Current Software Version and Save in a Different Version of Xchanger Suite
January 16, 2017
Did you know that you can save a case in a different version of Xchanger Suite®? This tutorial shows how to identify which version you are working in and how to save and open in a different version....
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Research Update: Air-cooler Headers: Predicting Pressure Drop and Flow Distribution
January 16, 2017
Header flow maldistribution and pressure loss in air-cooled heat exchangers may significantly affect performance. Most relevant literature focuses on plate-fin and cylindrical channel headers for tubular heat exchangers. The flow in the header is affected by its internal geometry, the orientation of the nozzles on the header, and inlet flow velocity....
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Is My Design OK? Modeling Air-Cooled Condensers with Subcooling
January 16, 2017
Subcooling is often required for air-cooled condensers. This webinar will address common technical support questions such as – how many tubes and passes are needed to subcool sufficiently? how is phase separation modeled? what are the best modeling guidelines for Xace®? – and provide HTRI's recommendations. Attending this webinar will help...
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Is My Design OK? Applying API 661 Annex C to Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Designs with Viscous and High Pour Point Fluids
January 16, 2017
Winterization in accordance with API 661 Annex C may need to be considered by designers when air-cooled heat exchangers are operating in climatic extremes. In order to prevent operating problems in-situ, a temperature safety margin should be added to the critical process temperature to determine the specified minimum tubewall temperature. For...
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AC-16 First Adaptation of Stream Analysis Method for Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers
January 16, 2017
A new Stream Analysis Method option is available in Xace® 6 to model flow bypassing in air-cooled heat exchangers with larger gaps at the edge of the bundle than those required by the API 661/ISO 13706-1:2005 standard. The heat transfer and pressure drop of the bundle can be less than predicted...
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Q14-3 Modeling Fans-Off Operation in Xace
January 16, 2017
During winter or in turndown conditions when full design duty is not required, air-cooled heat exchangers commonly run with one or more fans off. Xace® models this operation by allowing users to specify an inlet flow maldistribution. This article provides guidelines for modeling fans-off operation in Xace and describes a computational...
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AC-10 Study on Effects of Tube Pitch and Row for Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers: Data and Method Improvement
January 16, 2017
This report documents research on the effects of tube pitch and number of rows on heat transfer and pressure drop for air-cooled heat exchangers. Seven tube bundles were tested at isothermal and non-isothermal operating conditions with varied airside Reynolds numbers. Using the data from these tests, HTRI evaluated and improved existing...
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